Kodi ntchito za greenhouses ndi ziti?

Ma greenhouses amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu nyengo ndi malo omwe si oyenera kukula kwa mbewu. Kudzera mu dongosolo la wowonjezera kutentha madzi, dongosolo ulamuliro kutentha, wothandiza kuunikira dongosolo ndi dongosolo chinyezi kulamulira, chilengedwe mkati wa wowonjezera kutentha ndi nthawi yake kusinthidwa kupereka wowonjezera kutentha malo oyenera kukula kwa mbewu, amene akwaniritsa cholinga chokulitsa kukula. za mbewu. Panthawi yakukula, cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera zokolola.

(1) Chepetsani matenda a mbewu ndi tizilombo towononga tizilombo mwa kusintha kutentha ndi chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha, potero kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. M'makampani obzala, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mbewu zimavutikira ndi tizirombo ndi matenda chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi chamalo otseguka. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha ndi chinyezi cha wowonjezera kutentha kungasinthidwe moyenerera molingana ndi mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zabzalidwa, kuti malo omera mbewu asagwirizane ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Kuswana kwa mbewu kumatha kuchepetsa mwayi wa mbewu zomwe zikudwala tizirombo ndi matenda, potero kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda, ndikukwaniritsa kukula kwa mbewu popanda zotsalira za mankhwala.

(2) Kuwongolera chilengedwe m'khola kumathandizira kuchulukitsa zokolola komanso kufulumizitsa kukhwima kwa mbewu. Greenhouses amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ena olamulira kuti apange malo oyenera kukula kwa mbewu, zomwe zingathe kusintha ndi kulimbikitsa kukula, chitukuko ndi kagayidwe ka mbewu, ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kukula kosakwanira kwa mbewu chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, kutentha, mvula, etc. panja mpweya chilengedwe. Chodabwitsa, makamaka, chimalimbikitsa kukula ndi kukhwima kwa mbewu, komanso kumapangitsanso kukula bwino ndikuwonjezera zokolola.

(3) Perekani malo oyenera kukula kwa mbewu zachigawo ndi nyengo ndikuthetsa mavuto akupanga ndi kupereka kwa mbewu zachigawo ndi nyengo. Ntchito za chilengedwe cha wowonjezera kutentha ndi kusintha kwa nyengo sizingangopanga malo oyenera kukula ndi chitukuko cha mbewu, komanso kuthetsa mavuto akukula kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana za nyengo. Ngakhale mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kulima panja zitha kubzalidwa mu Kukula kwabwinobwino m'malo obiriwira alola masamba ambiri anthawi yayitali kuwonekera pamatebulo athu, komanso mtundu wa mbewu wasinthidwanso kwambiri.

2. Pankhani ya chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale

(1) Kusunga madzi aulimi kungathandize kuchepetsa kusowa kwa madzi. Popeza wowonjezera kutentha amagwiritsa ntchito madzi onse ndi makina feteleza kuthirira, ndondomeko yonseyi yazindikira ulimi wothirira wanzeru, wanthawi yake komanso wochuluka. Kwenikweni, madzi othirira amatha kungolowetsedwa mu chitukuko cha mizu ndi kukula kwa mbewu, kuchepetsa kwambiri madzi a ulimi wothirira. . Ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wobzala wowonjezera kutentha komanso kukulitsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, kufunikira kwa madzi amthirira aulimi kudzachepetsedwa mtsogolomu, zomwe zithandizira kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi.

(2) Limbikitsani kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka feteleza wamankhwala aulimi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza woikidwa, yambitsani nthaka, ndikuwongolera nthaka yabwino. Kumbali imodzi, makina opangira feteleza am'madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo obiriwira obiriwira, omwe amatha kunyamula feteleza wamankhwala kuti abzale mizu yofanana ndi madzi, zomwe sizimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa feteleza wamankhwala, komanso zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. . Kumbali inayi, kuthirira mwanzeru sikungachepetse kuuma kwa nthaka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira madzi osefukira ndi feteleza wosagwirizana, komanso kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ya nthaka yaulimi ikhale yabwino kwambiri, potero kumapangitsa nthaka kukhala yabwino.

(3) Kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndikuwongolera zokolola. Kwa nthawi yayitali, madera athu olima mbewu komanso momwe amadyera akhala ndi vuto la kutumizidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana. Njira yotumizira sikungowonjezera mtengo wazinthu zokolola, komanso nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kuchepa kwa zinthu chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yotumizira. Kutuluka kwa kulima wowonjezera kutentha kwathetsa bwino mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa ndipo kungathenso kutulutsa masamba ndi zipatso zopanda kuipitsidwa kwa nyengo, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa zamagulu osiyanasiyana a anthu.

(4) Kupititsa patsogolo mwachangu komanso bwino kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba paulimi kudzalimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko chaulimi wamakono. Greenhouses sikuti ndi makampani ochulukirapo, komanso makampani apamwamba kwambiri. Ukadaulo wapamwamba sungagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zachilengedwe zokha, komanso umalimbikitsa kulima, kupulumutsa madzi, kulinganiza, kukhazikika ndi matekinoloje ena, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwaulimi wamakono. kulimbikitsa zotsatira.

(5) Kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ndalama muulimi ndi mafakitale obzala mbewu, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale a ulimi ndi mafakitale obzala. Malo obiriwira obiriwira amapewa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa nyengo, chilengedwe, ndi masoka achilengedwe paulimi ndi kubzala, ndipo amathandiza kwambiri pakukula kosalekeza ndi kukula kwa ulimi ndi kubzala.

Zonsezi, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukwezedwa kwa greenhouses kumatha kuthetsa vuto lathu la kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa mbewu, komanso kungathandize kwambiri pakusunga madzi ndi mphamvu. Sizimangokwaniritsa zosowa za anthu, komanso zimateteza chilengedwe.