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Soilless cultivation

Industry News

Soilless cultivation

2024-12-27

Soilless cultivation refers to a cultivation method that uses a substrate instead of natural soil or only uses a substrate when raising seedlings, and irrigates with nutrient solution after planting.

Because soilless cultivation can artificially create a good rhizosphere environment to replace the soil environment, effectively prevent soil continuous cropping diseases and physiological disorders caused by soil salt accumulation, fully meet the needs of crops for mineral nutrients, water, gas and other environmental conditions, and the basic materials used for cultivation can be recycled, it has the characteristics of saving water, fertilizer, labor, high yield and high quality.

In recent years, the development of soilless cultivation area has shown a straight upward trend, and the main types are hydroponics, fog cultivation and substrate cultivation.

Years of practice have proved that the yield of crops such as soybeans, soybeans, kidney beans, peas, wheat, rice, oats, beets, potatoes, cabbage, leaf lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. in soilless cultivation is higher than that in soil cultivation, so it is very suitable in leisure farms. Let's analyze soilless cultivation in detail.

1. Hydroponics

Hydroponics refers to a cultivation method in which the roots of plants are directly in contact with the nutrient solution without using a substrate.

Its principle is to make a very thin layer of nutrient solution (0.5-1 cm) circulate through the root system of crops continuously, which not only ensures the continuous supply of water and nutrients to crops, but also continuously supplies fresh oxygen to the root system. The root system is isolated from the soil, which can avoid various soil-borne diseases and does not require soil disinfection. Plants cultivated in this method absorb nutrients directly from the solution, and the corresponding root system has well-developed fibrous roots, and the taproot is obviously more degraded than open-field cultivation.

The vast majority of leafy vegetables are cultivated hydroponically because of their good product quality. Leafy vegetables are mostly edible plants' stems and leaves. Leafy vegetables such as lettuce and chicory are mainly eaten raw, which requires the products to be fresh, clean and pollution-free. Soil-grown vegetables are easily contaminated and stained with mud, which is inconvenient to clean. However, hydroponic leafy vegetables are of better quality than soil-grown leafy vegetables, and are clean, fresh, taste good and of superior quality.

2. Mist cultivation

Also known as aeration or mist cultivation. It compresses the nutrient solution into aerosol and sprays it directly onto the root system of the crop, and the root system is suspended inside the space of the container. Usually, polypropylene foam plastic plates are used, holes are drilled on them at a certain distance, and crops are cultivated in the holes. Two foam boards are tilted to form a triangle to form a space, and the liquid supply pipeline passes through the triangular space to spray on the hanging roots. Generally, the spray is sprayed for a few seconds every 2-3 minutes, and the nutrient solution is recycled, while ensuring that the crop roots have sufficient oxygen.

Aeroponic plants are in the promotion stage. Especially in leisure farms with poor vegetation conditions, it is more suitable for the application of aeroponic plants.

3. Substrate cultivation

Substrate cultivation is the most popular method in soilless cultivation. It fixes the root system of crops in organic or inorganic substrates and supplies crop nutrient solution through drip irrigation or trickle irrigation. The cultivation substrate can be put into plastic bags or laid in cultivation ditches or troughs.

Vegetable substrate cultivation technology is characterized by its labor-saving, water-saving, fertilizer-saving, high-quality and high-efficiency, environmental protection, low pollution, and avoidance of continuous cropping obstacles.